Trial reportBMC medical education2026
Assessment of classification accuracy in endodontics by dental students: a comparative study of holographic imaging and conventional radiography.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDental students must master endodontic anatomy, radiographic diagnostics, and treatment strategies early in their clinical training-yet traditional teaching methods, including two-dimensional radiographs, often fail to effectively convey complex spatial structures. Hologram technology has emerged as a promising tool for three-dimensional visualization in dental education. The aim of the study was to compare the classification accuracy of dental students using holograms versus conventional periapical radiographs in identifying endodontic structures.
methodsThis randomized single center-controlled trial included 79 dental students (years 4-6). After a calibration seminar and pre-test each of the 79 students assessed six tooth cases-three presented as holograms and three as periapical radiographs. Holograms were created from cone-beam computed tomography data, annotated by two calibrated examiners to establish reference points regarding the number of canals, Vertucci classification, and treatment complexity. Students evaluated each case for these parameters; responses were compared to the reference points to assess classification accuracy. The final evaluation form captured their subjective perceptions of the new hologram system. Primary binary outcomes were analyzed using logistic mixed-effects models. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsAfter Benjamini-Hochberg correction, holography significantly improved root-canal number identification in three multi-rooted cases (adjusted p ≤ 0.007). For Vertucci classification, only the maxillary anterior tooth remained significant (adjusted p = 0.044). Treatment-complexity assessment showed case-dependent results, favoring radiography in two cases (adjusted p = 0.045 and p = 0.006) and holography in one case (adjusted p = 0.013).
conclusionsHolographic visualization demonstrated case- and task-specific effects in endodontic training. Holograms were able to improve classification accuracy in certain endodontic tasks. However, they did not outperform conventional periapical radiographs in all outcomes. Holography could be an effective, supplementary tool for teaching certain endodontic tasks, but its application requires further investigation.
trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00035000) on 13.09.2024.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.