Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42532826›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2026

Trends in where adults buy their e-cigarette supplies: findings from 2016 to 2024 International Tobacco Control (ITC) four country smoking and vaping surveys.

K Michael Cummings, Gang Meng, Shannon Gravely, Anne C K Quah, Colin W Randol, Avery Roberson, Geoffrey T Fong, Katherine A East, Coral E Gartner, Ron Borland

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA cummingk@musc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-7017
Gang MengDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-7881
Shannon GravelyDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-9105
Anne C K QuahDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5303-8884
Colin W RandolDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Avery RobersonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Geoffrey T FongDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Katherine A EastDepartment of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-2131
Coral E GartnerSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6651-8035
Ron BorlandSchool of Psychology, Deakin University - Melbourne Burwood Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-178X

Funding

Vaporized Nicotine Product Initiation Among Youth in the US, Canada, and England: Methods to Predict Uptake and Policy EfficacyP01CA200512 · NCI · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI HAMMOND, DAVID · 2016 to 2025
$25.3M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA200512
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLittle is known about trends in electronic cigarette (EC) purchase sources across countries with different regulations.

methodsWe analysed five waves of the International Tobacco Control Four Country and Vaping (ITC 4CV) survey data from Canada, USA, England and Australia (2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024) comprising representative samples (aged ≥18) who reported vaping ≥weekly, past-month EC purchasing and last purchase source (ie, online, vape shop, other retail places defined as places other than online and vape shops) in ≥1 survey (n=8904). Generalised estimating equations models estimated purchase locations over time within and between countries.

findingsEC purchase locations differed between countries and over time. In Canada, between 2016 and 2018, other retail places decreased by 7.9% (p=0.04); between 2018 and 2020, other retail places increased by 12.1% (p<0.01). In the USA, between 2020 and 2022 online purchasing decreased by 14.4% (p<0.01), while vape shop purchasing increased by 12.4% (p<0.01). In Australia, between 2020 and 2022 online purchasing decreased by 23.6% (p<0.01) while other retail places increased by 22.5% (p<0.01) and increased again between 2022 and 2024 by 15.1% (p<0.01). In 2024, purchasing in vape shops was more common in Canada (61.4%) and the USA (55.0%) compared with England (31.6%) and Australia (21.4%); online purchasing was more common in England (30.8%) than Canada (17.6%), Australia (18.0%) and the USA (11.7%); and purchasing from other retail places was more common in Australia (60.7%) than England (37.6%), the USA (33.3%) and Canada (21.0%). Purchasing from a pharmacy/chemist was rare.

interpretationEC regulations may influence where consumers can legally be sold EC supplies.

Indexed as

Electronic nicotine delivery devicesGlobal healthPublic policySurveillance and monitoring

Identifiers

PMID42532826
PMCPMC13678653

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.