ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
A Shared Genetic Basis Underlying Myopia-Exotropia Comorbidity.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the shared genetic architecture underlying the frequent co-occurrence of myopia and exotropia. Methods: Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we examined the genetic correlation and polygenic overlap between myopia and exotropia. Candidate shared signals were prioritized through cross-trait meta-analysis using multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) and further evaluated by colocalization, fine mapping, and local genetic correlation analyses, complemented by in silico transcriptomic and regulatory annotation. Results: High-definition likelihood (HDL) analysis estimated a positive genetic correlation between myopia and exotropia (rg = 0.25; P = 0.044). MiXeR bivariate causal-mixture modeling further demonstrated substantial polygenic overlap, estimating 201 shared non-null variants with 80.1% concordant effect directions. This shared component accounted for a larger proportion of the polygenicity of exotropia (59.6%) than of myopia (17.9%). MTAG-based cross-trait meta-analysis prioritized rs7405453 at the TSPAN10 locus, previously associated with broadly defined strabismus and refractive error, as the strongest shared signal. The myopia-exotropia genetic correlation changed minimally after exclusion of the TSPAN10 region, indicating that the shared architecture was not driven solely by this locus. In silico transcriptomic and regulatory annotations provided supportive biological context for TSPAN10 across neural, ocular, and extraocular muscle contexts. Conclusions: The comorbidity of myopia and exotropia may be partly explained by a shared genetic architecture. Further studies with larger samples, refined phenotyping, and functional validation are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.