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ArticleActa parasitologica2026

Evaluation of Larvicidal Potential of Nepeta cataria and Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti.

Iqra Shafeeq, Sammina Mahmood, Adeel Sattar, Qamar Niaz, Mian Abdul Hafeez, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood

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Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Iqra ShafeeqDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Sammina MahmoodDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Adeel SattarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. adeel.sattar@uvas.edu.pk.
Qamar NiazDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Mian Abdul HafeezDepartment of Botany, Kohsar University, Murree, Punjab, 47150, Pakistan.
Muhammad IlyasDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Shahid MahmoodInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases remain one of the greatest challenges to global public health, with Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) serving as a primary vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Reliance on synthetic insecticides for larval control has contributed to ecological concerns, human health risks, and the emergence of resistance in mosquito populations. These issues highlight the urgent need for safer, sustainable, and environmentally compatible alternatives. The present study investigated the larvicidal efficacy of essential oils extracted from locally grown plants. Cymbopogon nardus (C. nardus) (citronella) and Nepeta cataria (N. cataria) (catnip) as potential botanical substitutes in the scenario of changing climate. Fresh plant materials were authenticated, processed, and subjected to solvent extraction. The chemical composition of both oils was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which confirmed several phytoconstituents of biological importance, including citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, and nepetalactone isomers. Larvicidal bioassays were performed against A. aegypti using two stock concentrations (1 and 0.1%) at variable doses, with mortality monitored after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. Both essential oils demonstrated evident dose- and time-dependent mortality, with complete larval death observed at higher concentrations. Probit regression analysis provided effective LC

Indexed as

AedesCymbopogonInsecticidesNepetaOils, VolatilePlant OilsAnimalsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryLarvaInsecticidesOils, VolatilePlant OilsAedes aegypti (A. aegypti)CitronellaEssential oilsGC–MSLarvicidal activityNepeta cataria (N.cataria)Vector-borne Disease

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.