ReviewWorld journal of urology2026
Transcutaneous tibial neuromodulation, is the future of neuromodulation here?
Review in World journal of urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTranscutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) has emerged as an attractive treatment option for the management of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. This review summarizes the clinical and real-world evidence supporting the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of TTNS in OAB.
methodsA comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted in December 2025 using the keyword "transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation." This search identified 623 records, which were screened by title for relevance to the objectives of this narrative review. All eligible articles were included.
resultsA total of 28 prospective studies published between 2011 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. Across prospective studies, TTNS was associated with improvements in urgency, frequency, and urgency urinary incontinence, with a mean responder rate of 72.2%, according to each study's outcome measures. Compared with sham, TTNS demonstrated significant benefit in studies including patients with non-neurogenic OAB. Evidence in neurogenic bladder disorders was limited and heterogeneous. TTNS was also found to be non-inferior to percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in one randomized controlled trial (RCT). In comparisons with anticholinergics, TTNS was generally less effective in symptom reduction but markedly better tolerated.
conclusionTTNS is a safe, simple, patient-friendly and non-invasive neuromodulation option for lower urinary tract symptoms management. Improvement of symptoms is observed in over two third of cases, with minimal adverse events and excellent tolerability. Long term studies are warranted to further evaluate treatment persistence, as well as well-designed RCTs vs other treatment options to refine the role of TTNS in the therapeutic armamentarium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42530680What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.