ArticleArchives of microbiology2026
Assessment of Rhizopus stolonifer tolerance to methotrexate: morphological responses and biodegradation limitations.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study evaluates the tolerance of Rhizopus stolonifer to methotrexate (MTX) and its capacity to remove and transform this antifolate compound, highlighting both morphological responses and biodegradation limitations. The xenobiotic affected fungal differentiation more strongly than vegetative growth: although radial expansion remained unchanged up to 500 ppm, sporulation, hyphal integrity, and cellular organization were progressively impaired. Spore germination decreased sharply at low concentrations, yielding an average half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 138 ppm. In pellet systems exposed to 30 ppm of the antifolate compound for 9 days, both active and heat-inactivated biomass achieved similar final removal rates (approximately 15% on average), demonstrating that biosorption is the dominant elimination mechanism. However, only active pellets produced a new chromatographic signal at 2.127 min, confirming for the first time that R. stolonifer can partially biotransform MTX, although biotransformation remained limited. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed severe MTX-induced damage, including hyphal collapse, surface roughening, and granular deposits consistent with persistent cell wall interactions. Overall, R. stolonifer exhibits clear tolerance to MTX but only limited biodegradation capacity, indicating that optimized environmental or physiological conditions will be necessary to enhance degradation efficiency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42530658What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.