ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Energetic cost of locomotion closely aligns with the preferred uphill walk-run transition at constant vertical speed in runners.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe determinants of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed (PTS) during uphill locomotion remain unclear when the rate of vertical ascent is controlled rather than allowed to vary with treadmill speed. This study examined whether spatiotemporal, biomechanical, cardiorespiratory and energetic variables provide crossover-based optimal transition speed (OTS) that align with PTS during incline locomotion at constant vertical speed.
methods17 Endurance-trained runners performed randomized six-minute walking and running bouts at speeds from 0.55 to 2.50 m·s⁻¹ for walking and from 0.55 to 3.88 m·s⁻¹ for running, all conducted at a constant vertical speed of 800 m·h⁻¹. The PTS assessment protocol was designed to maintain a constant rate of vertical ascent throughout the test.
resultsThe average PTS occurred at 1.76 m·s⁻¹ on a 7.2° slope. Energy and O
conclusionThese findings indicate that, under conditions of constant vertical speed, uphill PTS aligns more closely with energetic crossover criteria than with cardiorespiratory or mechanical-work-based crossovers.
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