ArticlePediatric radiology2026
Diagnostic yield of urinary tract ultrasound in children following a first urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Risk-informed imaging after first pediatric urinary tract infection: reply to Žvar et al.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrinary tract ultrasound (US) is widely recommended following a first urinary tract infection (UTI) in children to detect congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). However, its routine use has been questioned, given the limited diagnostic yield of US for certain anomalies.
objectiveTo assess the diagnostic yield of urinary tract US after a first UTI and its impact on clinical management. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective study included 1,460 children who underwent urinary tract US following a first UTI between January 2014 and December 2024. Children were stratified by age and classified into five diagnostic categories based on US findings, with follow-up data reviewed to assess final diagnoses.
resultsMost children were classified with normal US (74.3%). CAKUT was identified in 6.9%, while CAKUT with dilation was detected in 3.5%. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was the most common CAKUT with dilation (1.64%). Most children with VUR (89.7%) were ≤24 months old. CAKUT with dilation was more common in males (P=0.003) and infants aged 0-6 months (P=0.04), representing 35.6% of the study population. Despite a normal initial US, 34 additional cases of VUR were identified after recurrent UTI.
conclusionRoutine US after a first UTI in all children detects few clinically relevant abnormalities, does not reliably guide the need for reflux studies, and presents a burden for the health system; therefore, selective imaging strategies should be considered. Our findings support the consideration of a more selective imaging strategy. A two-tier imaging approach may be warranted for infants younger than 6 months and all male children following a first UTI, and children with recurrent UTIs.
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