Hierarchical Multi-Mode Computing in Interlayer-Coupled 3D RRAM Crossbar Arrays.

Seungman Park, Jaewoo Choi, Gigon Nam, Junsu Yu, Donghyun Ryu, Jung-Kyu Lee, Sungjoon Kim, Sungjun Kim

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Seungman ParkDivision of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Jaewoo ChoiDivision of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Gigon NamDivision of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Junsu YuSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-0213

Donghyun RyuElectrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.

Jung-Kyu LeeDepartment of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.

Sungjoon KimDepartment of AI Semiconductor Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.

Sungjun KimDivision of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Funding

Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation(IITP)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)Korea government(MSIT) IITP-2026-RS-2026-25520273Ministry of Education (MOE)Ministry of Science and ICT RS-2024-00356939Seoul Metropolitan Government 2026-RISE-01-007-04

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work presents a series-stacked 2-deck RRAM crossbar array with hierarchical multi-mode operation enabled by a shared mid electrode. A 2 × 16 × 16 stacked crossbar array is fabricated, where the mid electrode electrically connects two vertically integrated resistive switching layers, simultaneously serving as the top electrode of the lower layer and the bottom electrode of the upper layer. This architecture enables bias-selective access to independent single-layer operation (1F and 2F) as well as electrically coupled serial operation (1F + 2F) within the same cell footprint. The shared mid electrode plays a key role in controlling voltage distribution and interlayer interaction, expanding the operational space beyond simple density scaling. Using an incremental step pulse with verify algorithm (ISPVA), all modes exhibit stable multilevel conductance modulation up to 6-bit resolution (64 states) with clear state separation and retention exceeding 10

Indexed as

3D RRAM crossbar arraysinterlayer couplingmultimode computingneuromorphic hardwarephysical unclonable functions

Identifiers

PMID42530547

DOI10.1002/advs.76674

PMCPMC13421840

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.