Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42530497›Full record

ArticleJournal of community psychology2026

Family Structure, Dwelling and Household Factors, and the Mental Health of Immigrant and Canadian-Born Mothers.

Tasneem Khan, Farooq Naeem, Zahid Ahmad Butt, Martin Cooke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of community psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tasneem KhanSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-1675
Farooq NaeemDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-4840
Zahid Ahmad ButtSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-4781
Martin CookeSchool of Public Health Sciences and Department of Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-177X

Funding

Ontario Graduate Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo investigate the association between household contextual factors and the mental health of immigrant and Canadian-born mothers.

methodsGuided by Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, we used the General Social Survey 2016, 2017 and 2018 to examine the differences in family and dwelling characteristics of immigrant and Canadian-born mothers. We then used multivariable binary logistic regression models to estimate associations between family structure, income, marital status, household size, and dwelling type and ownership, and the odds of having poor or fair self-rated mental health or a diagnosed mental health condition.

resultsImmigrant mothers were more likely than Canadian-born mothers to have larger sized households, lower family income and to live in rental dwellings. Not being in a marital relationship was associated with both mental health outcomes among immigrant mothers. Having low-family income was associated with poor mental health conditions among Canadian-born mothers.

conclusionsImmigrant mothers are more likely to live in contexts that could be potentially harmful to mental health. The findings on low-income and larger families being associated with mental health highlight the importance of community-based interventions to support families and mothers.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsFamily CharacteristicsMental HealthMothersAdultCanadaFamily StructureFemaleHumansIncomeResidence Characteristicsanxietydepression and bipolar disorderecological systems theoryhousehold contextimmigration and mental healthmotherhood and psychological health

Identifiers

PMID42530497
PMCPMC13422172

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.