ArticleAnimal models and experimental medicine2026
Refining a preclinical model of viral myocarditis in accordance with biotech standards.
Article in Animal models and experimental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundViral myocarditis is a clinically relevant inflammatory heart disease that can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, preclinical models often suffer from limited translational relevance and high animal burden.
methodsThis study aimed to refine a murine model of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis by integrating dietary and imaging innovations to improve animal welfare, data quality, and clinical applicability. BALB/cJ mice were infected with heart-passaged CVB3 and monitored for up to 56 days. A hydrolyzed amino acid diet was introduced to mitigate CVB3-induced pancreatitis and associated weight loss. Cardiac function was assessed using 1D, 2D, and 4D echocardiography, including speckle-tracking strain analysis.
resultsThe refined diet significantly reduced animal health burden, reduced weight loss, and stabilized blood glucose, during development of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. 4D echocardiography provided a highly sensitive and reproducible detection of systolic dysfunction, while strain analysis revealed early and regional myocardial impairment, closely mirroring clinical myocarditis phenotypes. Histopathological and AI-based analyses confirmed dose- and time-dependent inflammation and fibrosis, with peak inflammation at day 7 and persistent abnormalities through day 56.
conclusionsIn summary, this model offers a robust and ethically optimized platform for translational research and therapeutic development in inflammatory cardiomyopathies, aligned with the principles of the 3Rs.
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