ArticleThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS2025
Exploring Out-of-Pocket Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Cancer and Diabetes in Malaysia.
Article in The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Out-of-pocket costs for chronic illnesses have become significant barriers to continuing treatment, given the already substantial cost of the diseases. This study aims to estimate out-of-pocket costs and determine the health-related quality of life of patients with cancer and diabetes. Methods: A purposive cross-sectional study (January 2021-January 2022) was conducted to assess health-related quality of life and out-of-pocket costs among Malaysian adults with cancer or diabetes. Using the validated EQ-5D-5L and a three-section questionnaire, 571 participants from three hospitals and online surveys provided data on five cost categories expressed in 2021 MYR and USD. Results: Significant differences were observed across all cost categories between patients with cancer and diabetes. Diagnostic imaging had a larger effect size ( Conclusion: Cancer and diabetes impose significant financial and quality of life burdens on patients in Malaysia. This study highlights gaps in insurance coverage and public assistance, calling for more comprehensive support for medical and nonmedical expenses and psychological support for patients. The analysis, which focuses on annual costs, may underestimate the long-term financial impact, especially for patients with cancer. Future research should examine household spending and the ability to pay for treatment costs to better understand the full economic burden of these chronic diseases.
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