ArticlePsychoradiology2026
Effect of database, pre-processing pipeline, and scan duration on rs-fMRI functional connectivity based treatment targets for TMS obtained using the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) protocol.
Article in Psychoradiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a therapeutic approach for treating depressive disorder. However, traditional anatomical methods often fail to localize a treatment target. The functional connectivity method represented by the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) has been proposed and demonstrated efficacy. A step of SNT is to achieve DLPFC target localization using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, based on measurement of the negative correlation coefficient between the functional connectivity of DLPFC and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Methods: This study has three goals. Firstly, to apply the SNT protocol to investigate variability in target localization in four groups (Human Connectome Project [HCP], China Human Connectome Project [CHCP], major depressive disorder [MDD] from Huaxi Depression Imaging Cohort Study [HX-DICS], and healthy controls [HC] from HX-DICS) from three databases. Secondly, to investigate potential differences in how the DPABI and FSL rs-fMRI pre-processing pipelines, particularly the spatial smoothing, denoising, and temporal filtering steps, affect the localization of individualized DLPFC targets. Thirdly, to assess the effect of rs-fMRI scan duration (ranging from 6 to 30 min) on target localization. Results: Significant inter-subject variability in DLPFC coordinates was found, emphasizing the necessity of individualized targeting. DPABI and FSL pre-processing produced significant differences in target coordinates, which exceeded 1 cm, with mean Euclidean distances ranging from 1.45 to 3.82 cm across cohorts, and individual maximum deviations reaching 6.14 cm. FSL pipeline consistently produced higher negative correlation coefficients than DPABI. Scan duration analysis indicated that after 12 min, the stability of individual target positions no longer improved significantly with prolonged scanning time, suggesting that approximately 12 min may provide sufficiently reliable data for target computation. Conclusion: Taken together, findings demonstrate that advancing precision neuromodulation therapy requires optimized data acquisition, standardized workflows, software-specific validation, and optimum scan duration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.