ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Beyond the victim: experienced and observed workplace violence, violence prevention, and job dissatisfaction.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Workplace violence rarely only affects its direct victims; it is often witnessed, remembered, and silently interpreted by many others. This study explores the impacts of experienced and observed violence on job dissatisfaction and the mediating effects of perceived lack of organizational violence prevention (LOVP). Methods: Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 14,515 federal employees. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct, indirect, and comparative effects. Results and discussion: The results indicated that first-person and observed third-person violence result in job dissatisfaction. Interestingly, the contrast between first-person (experienced) and third-person (observed) violence on job dissatisfaction is negligible. Both exposure types have significant total effects (0.47 versus 0.33), respectively, but the difference is non-significant (
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