ArticleJSES reviews, reports, and techniques2026
Critical shoulder angle: a "combined shoulder angle"-balanced contributions of glenoid inclination and acromial angle in shoulder arthritis progression.
Article in JSES reviews, reports, and techniques, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The critical shoulder angle (CSA) has been described as a morphometric value that could be predisposing to the evolution of a shoulder toward a primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (PGHOA) or massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT). CSA is described as the sum of the acromial angle (AA) and the glenoid inclination (GI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of GI and AA measurements on CSA value in PGHOA and MRCT. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 186 patients were extracted from our database and assigned into 3 groups: control group (48 healthy shoulders) and 2 pathological shoulder groups with no glenoid erosion: 66 MRCT (E0 glenoids) and 72 PGHOA (A1 or B1 glenoids). Computed tomography scans were analyzed using automatic software. The GI, AA, and CSA variables were compared knowing that AA + GI=CSA. Results: There was a significant difference ( Conclusion: CSA is a reliable parameter for predicting progression to PGHOA or MRCT, with a notable effect size. No single component of CSA predominates, and the linear correlation between GI and AA underscores a balance between these angles. Thus, CSA should indeed be considered as a "combined shoulder angle."
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