ArticleKidney medicine2026
Trajectories of Serum Total Carbon Dioxide and the Risk of Cardiorenal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the KNOW-CKD Study.
Article in Kidney medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Serum bicarbonate concentrations vary over time in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but most studies have focused on baseline values rather than longitudinal trajectories. We aimed to determine the association between long-term patterns of serum total carbon dioxide (tCO Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting & Participants: Patients with CKD enrolled in a prospective cohort with repeated tCO Exposure: tCO Outcome: Renal composite outcome and major cardiovascular events. Analytical Approach: Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory covariates. Results: Compared with the Intermediate group, the Low trajectory group had higher risk of renal events (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.25-3.46). The High trajectory group showed a trend toward lower renal risk (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.31-1.03), with time-dependent protective effects during prolonged follow-up. The Improving group showed no significant differences in renal or cardiovascular risk but demonstrated a numerically lower incidence of the renal endpoint. Cardiovascular outcomes did not differ across trajectories. Limitations: Observational design and potential residual confounding. Conclusions: Persistent low tCO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.