ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2026
Verbal fluency after cochlear implantation: a longitudinal comparison with untreated hearing loss in the ELSA cohort.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, and auditory rehabilitation via cochlear implantation (CI) may mitigate this trajectory. In the past, the impact of cochlear implantation on different cognitive subdomains has been described. However, verbal fluency (VF), which requires fast semantic retrieval, executive control, and processing speed, and is predictive of dementia risk and overall survival, has been rarely studied and control groups are mostly missing due to ethical reasons. The present study compares long-term VF trajectories in CI recipients and untreated hearing-impaired controls from a large population-based aging study. Materials and methods: VF was assessed in 74 CI recipients (M = 65.6 years, SD = 9.1) at pre-operative baseline and 1, 2, 4.5, and up to 9 years post-implantation, and in 383 untreated hearing-impaired participants (M = 72.6 years, SD = 10.0) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) across a comparable time frame. Scores were z-standardized within each study to enable cross-cohort comparison. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare VF trajectories, with age, sex, and education as covariates. Results: VF trajectories differed significantly between groups (Time × Study interaction: Conclusion: Cochlear implantation is associated with more favorable long-term verbal fluency trajectories compared to untreated hearing loss. These findings add to the growing evidence that auditory rehabilitation may help preserve cognitive function in older adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.