ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
A cross-sectional study of mental health and well-being among veterinarians in Pakistan.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Veterinarian mental health is an important occupational and public health concern. However, limited data are available from Pakistan. This study aimed to assess mental health, professional quality of life, and suicidal ideation among veterinarians in Pakistan. A total of 456 veterinarians participated in a web-based structured questionnaire that included demographic and occupational characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D), the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5), and suicidal ideation-related items. The overall median HADS-A score was 9.0 (IQR: 6-16), with 42.1% classified in the abnormal anxiety category. The overall median HADS-D score was 9.0 (IQR: 5-12), with 38.4% classified in the abnormal depression category. Comorbid abnormal anxiety and depression were observed in 30.7% of participants. Female veterinarians had higher median anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress scores than male veterinarians. Compassion satisfaction was negatively correlated with burnout, anxiety, and depression, whereas burnout and secondary traumatic stress were positively correlated with anxiety and depression. In multivariable logistic regression, female participants had higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation. This study provides baseline evidence of substantial mental health and professional well-being concerns among veterinarians in Pakistan. The findings highlight the need for targeted mental health support, workplace-based interventions, and policy-level strategies to improve the well-being and sustainability of the veterinary workforce.
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