ArticleScience advances2026
Contrasting slab decarbonation patterns control deep carbon cycling efficiency in hot vs. cold subduction zones.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Subducting slabs play a crucial role in deep Earth carbon cycling, yet the carbon-cycling efficiency of different subduction zones remains debated. Here, we systematically compare decarbonation characteristics in the extremely cold Tonga and hot Colombia subduction zones using observation-constrained thermo-petrological modeling, integrated with volcanic degassing and arc geochemistry. Two contrasting slab decarbonation patterns are identified: efficient "focused" decarbonation in hot subduction zones versus sluggish "diffuse" decarbonation in cold subduction zones. Hot Colombia exhibits a high decarbonation efficiency >15%, dominated by metamorphic carbon release within a narrow depth range of ∼75-115 km and supplemented by partial melting-induced decarbonation. In contrast, cold Tonga shows a much lower decarbonation efficiency of ∼1% by dissolution-dominated carbon removal over a broad depth range of ∼75-310 km. These findings suggest a contrasting efficiency of different subducting slabs for deep carbon cycling and volcanic degassing in present-day and ancient subduction systems.
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