ArticlePloS one2026
Muscle activity and airflow dynamics upon gradual weight-gain volumetric enlargement or acute surgical reduction of the tongue base during chewing and swallowing.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effects of Volumetric Alterations of the Tongue Base on Craniofacial Growth in the Adult Minipig.Journal of morphology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to understand changes in activity of oropharyngeal muscles and respiratory airflow during chewing and swallowing in two clinically important conditions: gradual weight-gain volumetric enlargement and acute surgical reduction of the tongue base. Six same-sex sibling pairs of 8-to-9-month-old Yucatan minipigs, 3-each-sex, were studied. Of each pair one was fed with high-calorie pellets to reach obesity with a BMI > 50 (enlargement group), and the other was normal-weighted (BMI < 38) and underwent surgical volumetric reduction of the tongue base (reduction group). Electromyograms (EMG) of the tongue (genioglossus and styloglossus), palatal (tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini), hyoid/pharyngeal (thyrohyoid and middle pharyngeal constrictor), and jaw (masseter and digastric) muscles were recorded simultaneously with respiratory airflow monitoring and x-ray videofluoroscopy during unrestrained feeding of pellets mixed with barium-sulfate. Videofluoroscopic images and activity-bursts of the digastric and thyrohyoid muscles were references to detect chewing cycles and swallowing episodes. Recording sessions for both groups occurred at baseline (before surgery in reduction group), and weeks 1, 3, and 5 (after surgery in reduction group). EMG activity amplitudes, burst-durations, onsets (timings of muscle activity), and respiratory airflow were evaluated. Altered chewing EMG included delayed onsets of the tensor veli palatini and styloglossus in both groups at weeks 1, 3, and 5 compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). In addition, the activity amplitudes of the styloglossus and masseter muscles in the enlargement group were higher in comparison to those of the reduction group (p < 0.05). Effects on swallowing involved delayed timings of the palatal and tongue muscle activities in the reduction group with potential impaired swallowing after surgery. The enlargement group was susceptible to breathing alterations evidenced by decreased airflow velocity, airflow pressure and tidal volumes in comparison to those of the reduction group (p < 0.05). These findings reveal adaptations to ensure synchronized feeding and respiration under volumetric alterations of the tongue base, with risks of impaired swallowing and respiratory patency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.