ArticleClinical transplantation2026
Clinical Experience of Oral Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Diagnosed With Norovirus Infection.
Article in Clinical transplantation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNorovirus gastroenteritis can cause serious complications in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and no licensed treatment is available. Typical therapy is supportive care; however, some medications may be used off-label. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (IG), a medical food product, has been utilized off-label for norovirus gastroenteritis, although clinical efficacy is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of SOT recipients who received serum-derived bovine IG for the treatment of norovirus.
methodsAdult SOT recipients, who received serum-derived bovine IG as treatment for norovirus between January 2020 and December 2024, were evaluated for inclusion. Outcomes evaluated included improvement in the number of bowel movements to less than three per day, presence of more formed bowel movements, presence of acute kidney injury (AKI), initial response rates, and 90-day relapse-free rate.
results14 SOT recipients were included. Nine patients had a history of prior norovirus gastroenteritis. Reduction to less than three bowel movements per day occurred in 8/14 (57%) patients. Overall, 12/14 (86%) patients experienced clinical improvement after a median of 4.5 days of serum-derived bovine IG. Of those alive at 90-day follow-up, 8 of 10 (80%) did not experience relapsing norovirus infection.
conclusionOrally administered serum-derived bovine IG may be a potential option for SOT recipients with chronic norovirus infection. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to further define its clinical efficacy.
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