ArticleArchives of academic emergency medicine2026
Factors Associated with Emergency Department Survival of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Archives of academic emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TOHCA) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with exceptionally poor survival. However, prehospital prognostic factors influencing early survival in this high-risk population remain poorly defined. This study aimed to identify prehospital factors associated with survival to hospital admission among TOHCA patients with TBI in Thailand. Methods: We conducted an 11-year nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Information Technology of Emergency Medicine System (ITEMS), Thailand's national EMS registry (2012-2022). TOHCA patients with documented TBI who were transported to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services (EMS) were included. The primary outcome was survival to hospital admission. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent prehospital factors associated with survival. Results: Of 46,760 TOHCA cases, 22,821 involved TBI, and 16,885 met inclusion criteria with recorded ED outcomes. Overall, 2,872 patients (17.0%) survived to hospital admission. Younger age, longer on scene time, and shorter hospital-to-scene distance were independently associated with improved odds of survival. Several prehospital interventions showed significant benefit, including external bleeding control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.58), endotracheal intubation (aOR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.69-2.57), intravenous fluid administration (aOR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.24-1.96), and defibrillation (aOR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.66-2.53). In contrast, on-scene time <10 minutes (aOR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.79) and bone and joint injuries, including closed fractures, open fractures, and dislocations, were associated with reduced survival. Conclusion: Despite the generally poor prognosis of TOHCA patients, particularly those with TBI, our findings demonstrate that adequate on-scene time and the prompt delivery of critical prehospital interventions, including external bleeding control, intubation, hydration, and defibrillation, were independently associated with improved survival to hospital admission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.