ArticleJournal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition2026
Impact of nine dietary minerals on the risk of chronic kidney disease: a multi-model analysis in US adults using NHANES data.
Article in Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 8-16% of the global population, presents substantial public health burdens. While constituting only 5% of daily dietary intake, minerals critically influence physiological processes. This study investigates associations between dietary mineral intake and CKD risk; utilizing publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we employed multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile-based g-computation (QGcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to assess CKD-mineral relationships; multivariate logistic regression revealed significant inverse associations between CKD risk and calcium (OR = 0.72), phosphorus (OR = 0.69), magnesium (OR = 0.65), copper (OR = 0.81), potassium (OR = 0.85), and zinc (OR = 0.88). RCS analysis demonstrated linear protective trends for calcium, phosphorus, zinc, potassium, and selenium, while magnesium, iron, and copper exhibited U-shaped dose-response patterns. WQS regression identified a protective mineral mixture (weighted index OR = 0.83), with magnesium (35.2%) and calcium (28.1%) as primary contributors. QGcomp analysis highlighted magnesium's protective effect (-0.21 risk score) contrasting with iron's adverse association (+0.18). BKMR modeling confirmed magnesium's significant protection (PIP = 0.92) and sodium's risk elevation (PIP = 0.87); magnesium and calcium emerge as robust protective factors against CKD, while sodium intake increases disease risk. Phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and copper demonstrate potential benefits, whereas iron shows context-dependent effects. These findings emphasize mineral-specific dietary strategies for CKD prevention.
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