A Retrospective Study of the Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Workplace Ocular Injuries among Southern Railway Employees.

Background: Workplace-related ocular injuries (WROI) are a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where occupational safety measures are often insufficient. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of WROI among Southern Railways employees in India, aiming to improve preventive strategies and workplace safety. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India over a one-year period (January to December 2024). Medical records of 159 railway employees who sustained WROI were reviewed. Data included demographic details, type and cause of injury, visual acuity, use of protective eyewear, time of presentation, and treatment modalities. Results: The study population was predominantly male (95%), with the highest incidence in the age group of 21-40 years (99%). Mechanical injuries (primarily corneal foreign bodies) were more common than nonmechanical injuries (notably radiation-related photokeratitis from welding. Adnexal injuries were observed in 15.2% of cases. Occupations involving welding and grinding accounted for 59.75% of injuries, followed by construction work. Most injuries were unilateral (84.2%), and 81% of patients sought treatment within 24 h. Despite availability, only 16.9% of patients reported using protective eyewear at the time of injury; discomfort and poor visibility were cited as key reasons for noncompliance. At presentation, 89.9% had visual acuity of 6/60 or better. Medical management sufficed in over 95% of cases. Conclusion: Mechanical injuries are the most prevalent, often associated with inadequate use of protective equipment. Improved safety training, better-designed protective gear, and stricter enforcement of safety protocols could significantly reduce the incidence of WROI.