ArticleAdvanced materials interfaces2025
Tuning the Morphological Properties of Granular Hydrogels to Control Lymphatic Capillary Formation.
Article in Advanced materials interfaces, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Photoresponsive Granular Hydrogels Enable Spatiotemporal Control of Matrix Mechanics and MSC Behavior.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Stromal cell-mediated tuning of the extracellular matrix for immune tissue engineering.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Lymphatics-on-a-chip microphysiological system: engineering lymphatic structure and functionLab on a chip · 2026Review
- Blocking glutamine transport normalizes lymphatic vessels in hypoxic environments by attenuating glycolysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Granular hydrogels show great promise in biomedical applications by mimicking the extracellular matrix and fostering a supportive microenvironment for tissue regeneration. This study investigates how tuning granular hydrogel properties influences lymphatic tube formation. Microgels were fabricated using norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid (NorHA) via pipetting or vortexing for 90 s (V90s) and 180 s (V180s), then assembled into granular hydrogels under loose and tight packing conditions. These conditions produced gels with varied pore morphologies and bulk rheological properties. Lymphatic capillary formation occurred only in tightly packed gels, where mechanical properties converged, highlighting the importance of gel morphology over stiffness. V180s samples showed earlier vessel formation as seen in lymphatic gene and protein expression, while pipetted gels exhibited greater capillary connectivity, forming larger vessel clusters and fewer small satellite structures. The pipetting gels also supported lower-curvature, more linear capillary networks that bridged multiple droplets, likely due to reduced entrapment in large voids compared to vortexed gels. These findings suggest that in bulk granular gels, lymphatic tube formation is governed not by mechanical stiffness but by pore size and gel topology (periodicity). Understanding and optimizing these morphological parameters can inform future strategies in lymphatic tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Registered trials
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