ArticleAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin2026
Polymorphic Conversion of Furosemide after Crystallization in Aqueous Polymeric Solution: Crystallite Analysis Using Scherrer vs. Williamson-Hall Equation and Drug Dissolution.
Article in Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Furosemide (FUR) is a potent loop diuretic, practically water-insoluble drug and also known to exhibit polymorphic form I (most stable), form II (metastable), and form III (metastable), and also a poorly stable amorphous form. FUR was crystallized using aqueous polymeric solutions and the effect of crystallite properties on polymorphic transformation and dissolution was studied. Methods: FUR crystal was prepared using aqueous solution of HPMC, CMC, MC, or, PVA as non-solvent (as FH, FC, FM, and FP respectively), and spectral analysis and in vitro dissolution was performed. Results: FTIR study of FH and FM exhibited only two peaks (3342.99 and 3250.43 cm-1), considering form II, whereas, FP and FC presented three distinct peaks between 3400-3200 cm-1 (3397.95, 3348.78, and 3280.32 cm-1) corresponding to asymmetric sulfonamide-NH, secondary amine-NH, and symmetric sulfonamide-NH stretching, confirming the presence of form-I. Further, XRD and DSC also confirmed the polymorphic identity of the crystal forms. Crystallite size analysis using the Scherrer equation and Williamson-Hall plot revealed a significant reduction in the size of all crystal products compared to pure FUR, with an associated increase in dislocation density, suggesting enhanced structural imperfections. All prepared crystals demonstrated markedly improved dissolution profile relative to the pure drug. Furthermore, stability studies under accelerated condition (40 °C/75% RH, 3 mo) confirmed the retention of respective polymorphic forms without any noticeable changes (FH and FM stayed in form II and FC and FP stayed in form I). Conclusion: This study concluded that the stable polymorphic form of furosemide crystal was produced using aqueous polymeric solution with improved dissolution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.