ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Targeting dengue through mucosal vaccination: the potential of NS1 and bacterial spore-based delivery platforms.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Severe dengue is characterized by marked vascular leakage, hemorrhagic manifestations, and organ impairment, largely driven by immunopathological mechanisms. Traditional vaccine approaches focusing on inducing neutralizing antibodies against DENV structural antigens have shown limitations and, under certain conditions, may also worsen infection through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. More recently, increasing evidence has highlighted the importance of T cell-mediated immunity and anti-non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-specific responses in suppressing DENV replication and reducing disease severity. DENV NS1, however, is known to be associated with severe dengue pathologies. In this context, immunization against NS1 offers a strategic advantage by eliciting immune responses that may contribute to early control of virus replication while simultaneously mitigating NS1-mediated vascular pathology. A vaccine delivery platform that would stimulate protective immune responses yet avoid the potential pathologic effects of NS1, hence, is needed.
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