Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42523745›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Intersectional inequalities in the health-happiness link via HRQoL across sex, age, and education level.

Byung-Kweon Chang, Soo-Jin Choi, Eui-Jae Lee, Seung-Man Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Byung-Kweon Chang *Department of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
Soo-Jin Choi *Wenzhou Business College Physical Education and Health School, Wenzhou, China.
Eui-Jae LeeDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Seung-Man LeeDepartment of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This study explored the associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) factors on happiness and self-rated health (SRH). It also identified HRQoL factors and the extent of their association, while providing implications for the direction of physical education. Methods: This study used the 2022 Korea Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The HRQoL factors examined were athletic ability, self-management, daily activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The dependent variables were happiness and SRH. Correlation and standard multiple regression analysis to analyze the relationship between happiness, health-related quality of life, and self-subjective health. Results: HRQoL factors demonstrating a significant association with happiness, in descending order, were lower levels of anxiety/depression, lower levels of pain/discomfort, daily activities, and athletic ability. Lower levels of pain/discomfort, athletic ability, daily activities, lower levels of anxiety/depression, and self-management were significantly associated with SRH, in descending order of impact.

Indexed as

HappinessHealth StatusHealth Status DisparitiesQuality of LifeAdultAgedAge FactorsEducational StatusFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedRepublic of KoreaSex FactorsSocioeconomic Disparities in Healthcommunity health surveyEQ-5Dhappinesshealth-related quality of lifephysical educationself-rated health

Identifiers

PMID42523745
PMCPMC13407383

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.