SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026
Cancer outcomes and biological mechanisms among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Utero-placental calcium and magnesium ion channels: A systematic review of obstetric implications of their alterations.Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Pooled it
- Younger Age is Associated with Treatment and Complication Outcomes Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kigali University Teaching Hospital.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, uncertainty remains regarding their association with cancer outcomes and the biological mechanisms by which they influence tumor development. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated overall and site-specific cancer outcomes among adults with T2DM using GLP-1RAs. Methodology: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 8 June 2026. Eligible studies included adults with T2DM exposed to GLP-1RAs and reported cancer-related outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using the Generic Inverse Variance method under a random-effects model. Results: The pooled analysis showed a significant reduction in overall cancer risk among GLP-1RAs users (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99; p = 0.04). Cancer-specific analyses showed significant reductions in pancreatic, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, hepatocellular, esophageal, and gastric cancers, while no significant associations were observed for thyroid, breast, kidney, or prostate cancers. Mechanistic evidence was limited and mostly indirect, with few studies assessing molecular pathways related to inflammation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic regulation. Discussion: Overall, GLP-1RAs were not associated with an increased cancer risk and may be linked to a reduced risk for certain cancer types. However, substantial heterogeneity, limited mechanistic validation, and reliance on observational evidence warrant cautious interpretation.
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Registered trials
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