ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity development and progression in the Philippines.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine the clinico-epidemiologic profile of premature infants diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and treated for type 1, severe, and aggressive (TOSA) ROP in the different regions of the Philippines.
methodsA multiregional ambispective cohort study of premature infants (<37wk gestational age) referred for ROP screening across 20 hospitals in 12 Philippine regions between January 2024 and September 2025 was conducted. Demographic, neonatal, and maternal risk factors were analyzed. Outcomes were compared between National Capital Region (NCR) and non-NCR cohorts.
resultsOf 2085 referred infants, 1900 premature infants were included. Mean gestational age was 32.34±2.31wk; mean birthweight was 1593±439 g. ROP developed in 483 infants (25%), of whom 177 (37%) progressed to TOSA ROP. Lower gestational age, lower birthweight, male gender, and packed red blood cell transfusion were significantly associated with ROP development, whereas sepsis and oxygen supplementation were not. Among TOSA ROP cases, 87% received treatment, most commonly anti-vasular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection (46%) or laser photocoagulation (24%). At the last follow-up, 34% of treated infants had not reached full regression or retinal maturity. ROP incidence was higher in NCR (32%) than in Region I and Cordillera Administrative Region (8%,
conclusionLower gestational age and birthweight, male, and packed red blood cell transfusion are risk factors of ROP development. This study also provides the first multiregional multicenter data on ROP in the Philippines, demonstrating substantial incidence and progression beyond NCR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.