ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Pre-hospital delay > 7 days independently predicts impaired wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients: a 3-year retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a severe, costly complication of diabetes and a major public health challenge. Early multidisciplinary intervention is critical. This study investigated how pre-hospital practices affect clinical characteristics, metabolic profiles, and outcomes in DFU patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included DFU patients treated at a tertiary center (2021-2024). Patients were stratified into the timely medical care group (TMCG, ≤ 7 days) and the delayed medical care group (DMCG, 7-30 days) based on initial consultation timing. Comparative analysis evaluated metabolic parameters and lesion severity. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess healing outcomes, and multivariable Cox regression was used to identify predictors of DFU healing. Results: A total of 116 patients were enrolled in this study. A high proportion of patients in both the TMCG (n = 49) and DMCG (n = 67) had used Chinese herbal medicine or topical Western medications prior to admission. Compared to patients in the TMCG, those in the DMCG were associated with more severe Wagner grades (≥ 3: 38.8% vs. 18.4%, Conclusions: Inappropriate pre-hospital practices commonly delay definitive care and worsen outcomes. Early medical intervention (≤ 1 week) is positively associated with therapeutic outcomes and reduces the risk of complications.
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