Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42523631›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Anti-inflammatory CAR-microglia targeting Aβ for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

Xizhong Ding, Xukai Hu, Wanqiang Xue, Yingrui An, Wei Cheng, Shaolong Zhang, Anhua Lei, Jin Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xizhong DingLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Xukai HuLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Wanqiang XueLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Yingrui AnLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Wei ChengLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Shaolong ZhangLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Anhua LeiInstitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
Jin ZhangLiangzhu Laboratory & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and chronic neuroinflammation, which together drive progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ have demonstrated encouraging clinical benefits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their therapeutic efficacy remains limited by insufficient and unsustained clearance of Aβ, as well as treatment-associated neuroinflammatory responses. These limitations highlight the need for alternative strategies that can achieve efficient Aβ elimination while maintaining immune homeostasis. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel anti-inflammatory CAR-Microglia (CAR-Mic) incorporating a construct based on the TAM receptor family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), which are key regulators of efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory responses. The resulting Aβ-targeted CAR-Mics showed enhanced Aβ engulfment and reduced proinflammatory cytokines release. Among the constructs tested, AXL-CAR demonstrated the most favorable overall performance and was therefore selected for the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CAR microglia-like cells (CAR-iMGLs). In an AD mouse model, AXL-CAR-iMGLs exhibited enhanced Aβ clearance without evidence of severe adverse effects. Collectively, these findings establish TAM receptor-based CAR-iMGLs as a promising cell therapy model for AD and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and defective pathological protein clearance.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMicrogliaAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAxl Receptor Tyrosine Kinasec-Mer Tyrosine KinaseCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalEfferocytosisHumansMiceMice, TransgenicPhagocytosisProto-Oncogene ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAxl Receptor Tyrosine Kinasec-Mer Tyrosine KinaseCytokinesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesTYRO3 protein, humanAlzheimer’s diseaseamyloid-βchimeric antigen receptoriPSCmicroglianeuroinflammation

Identifiers

PMID42523631
PMCPMC13407183

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.