SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2026
Red and processed meat consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggest red and processed meat consumption may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC); however, there is no consensus regarding the associations. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore performed to explore the relationship between red and processed meats and PC risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for articles up to April 13, 2026, using random-effects models to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs, restricted cubic splines for dose-response relationship, and subgroup/meta-regression for heterogeneity. This systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022384026; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=384026). Results: Sixteen articles with 1,959,527 participants and 8,856 PC cases were included. There was a 16% increased risk of PC found in the highest versus lowest red meat consumption levels (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31). A linear association was observed between red (P non-linear = 0.656) and processed meats (P non-linear = 0.857) and PC risk, with a 10% increase in the risk of PC for each additional 100 g/d of red meat consumption (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.21). For processed meat products, no significant association with PC risk was found. Conclusion: This finding indicates that increased red meat consumption may elevate the PC risk; therefore, daily red meat intake is recommended to be controlled. No evidence links processed meat to PC risk.
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