Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42523494›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Discovery of a Functional Sequon for Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosylation.

Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura, Mayumi Ishihara-Aoki, Ayano Moriya, Kazuchika Nishitsuji, Shuji Mizumoto, Midori Ikezaki, Yuki Takechi-Haraya, Eriko Nakato, Hassan Lemjabbar-Alaoui, Fabrice Allain and 6 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yoshiko Takeda-UchimuraUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; F-59000 Lille, France.
Mayumi Ishihara-AokiComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia; Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Ayano MoriyaDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; MN 55455, USA.
Kazuchika NishitsujiUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; F-59000 Lille, France.
Shuji MizumotoDepartment of Pharmacy, Meijo University; Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
Midori IkezakiDepartment of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
Yuki Takechi-HarayaDivision of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences; Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.
Eriko NakatoDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; MN 55455, USA.
Hassan Lemjabbar-AlaouiDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; CA, 94143, USA.
Fabrice AllainUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; F-59000 Lille, France.
Yoshito IharaDepartment of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
Shuhei YamadaDepartment of Pharmacy, Meijo University; Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
Michael TiemeyerComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia; Athens, GA 30602 USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8704-9143
Hiroshi NakatoDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; MN 55455, USA.
Kazuhiro AokiComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia; Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Kenji UchimuraUniv. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; F-59000 Lille, France.ORCID 0000-0003-3009-248X

Funding

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in signaling and developmentR35GM131688 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Hiroshi Nakato · 2019 to 2026
$2.6M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131688
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The amino acid sequence requirements that instruct the modification of proteins with chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been unknown, precluding predictions or opportunities for precise protein engineering. This study identified an essential amino acid motif for CS addition, the "CS-sequon" (EDQDDKDGGDFSGWGG), by comparing the secreted sulfatases SULF1 and SULF2, where only SULF2 is CS-modified. A cluster of seven amino acids plus a nearby tryptophan are critical for CS attachment; inserting the CS-sequon into SULF1 enabled it to gain CS modification. This sequon recruits the activity of the CS-initiating xylosyltransferase to the peptide modification site and CS addition enhances SULF1/2 extracellular abundance and enzymatic activity. These findings were validated across human and non-human cells and in Drosophila, providing a foundational resource for engineering CS modifications into proteins.

Identifiers

PMID42523494
PMCPMC13405426

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.