ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026
Structural basis for the unexpected activity of rifamycin B against rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Rifamycins inhibit bacterial transcription by targeting RNA polymerase (RNAP), but their clinical effectiveness is limited by the rapid emergence of resistance caused by mutations within the rifamycin-binding pocket. Rifamycin B (Rif B), one of the earliest discovered members of this antibiotic family and a precursor of clinically used derivatives, has remained poorly characterized because of its chemical instability and relatively weak antibacterial activity. Here, we revisit Rif B using biochemical and structural approaches. We show that Rif B remains sufficiently stable under assay conditions and retains inhibitory activity against RNAP variants carrying clinically relevant rifampicin-resistance mutations. We report the first crystal structure of Rif B and determine the structure of Rif B bound to bacterial RNAP. The structures reveal that the distinctive C-4
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