Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42522737›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Biomimetic and Gel-Mediated Tissue Adhesive Structures for Skin Conformal and Multifunctional Bioelectronics.

Jia Xi Mary Chen, Mehal Kushalkar, Stephanie DiNunzio, Tianhao Chen, Weiqing Fang, Rui Yang Liu, Milos R Popovic, Hani E Naguib

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jia Xi Mary ChenDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-4166
Mehal KushalkarDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Stephanie DiNunzioInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1815-2344
Tianhao ChenInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Weiqing FangDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rui Yang LiuDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Milos R PopovicThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2837-2346
Hani E NaguibDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-9990

Funding

Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidermal electrodes are essential for wearable bioelectronics in health monitoring and rehabilitation. However, current options are limited: adhesives irritate skin, hydrogels dry out, ultrathin films cannot deliver high currents, and sharp microstructures concentrate current, risking burns. Achieving repeatable gel-mediated adhesion with uniform current distribution on curved, moving skin remains a major challenge. In this study, we present biomimetic electrodes using carbon nanotube-silicone elastomer (CNT-elastomer) composites patterned with octopus-inspired suction units and polyethylenimine (PEIE)-induced microwrinkles. With an interfacing electrolyte gel, these electrodes achieve strong, repeatable skin adhesion of up to 77 ± 5 J m

Indexed as

Biomimetic MaterialsBiomimeticsElectronicsSkinTissue AdhesivesAnimalsElectrodesGelsHumansNanotubes, CarbonGelsNanotubes, CarbonTissue Adhesivesbioelectronic interfacebiomimeticepidermal electrodesmicrowrinklesskin adhesion

Identifiers

PMID42522737
PMCPMC13614286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.