ArticleAnnals of geriatric medicine and research2026
Cognitive Impairment and Long-Term Cognitive Trajectories in Relation to Incident Sarcopenia.
Article in Annals of geriatric medicine and research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough sarcopenia is a well-known risk factor for cognitive impairment, the evidence regarding whether cognitive dysfunction may be associated with sarcopenia remains limited. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI), long-term cognitive trajectories, and the development of sarcopenia. We also examined whether a healthy lifestyle could modify this risk.
methodsUsing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we conducted a 4-year longitudinal study with 7,548 participants. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the link between baseline cognitive function and incident sarcopenia. Generalized estimating equation models explored the role of specific cognitive domains. Latent mixture modeling was used to identify long-term cognitive trajectories and evaluate the modifying effects of lifestyles.
resultsAmong the 7,548 included participants, the mean age was 63.5±6.6 years, and 44.7% were females. Over a 4-year follow-up, we identified 502 new cases of sarcopenia. Baseline MCI was significantly associated with a 57% increased risk of developing sarcopenia (hazard ratio=1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.96; p<0.001). Specific cognitive domains, including orientation, memory, and computation, were also significantly linked to sarcopenia. We identified three distinct cognitive trajectories: low (16.6%), moderate (45.6%), and normal (37.8%) function. Compared to the normal group, participants in the low and moderate cognitive function groups had a 2.02-fold and 1.51- fold higher risk of sarcopenia, respectively. A favorable lifestyle was found to significantly reduce the risk of sarcopenia.
conclusionBoth MCI and a persistent low-level decline in cognitive function are strongly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, but implementing timely healthy lifestyle interventions can significantly mitigate this risk and promote healthy aging.
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