ArticleBMC chemistry2026
Comparative study of TiO
Article in BMC chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water pollution from industrial effluents, particularly textile dyes, represents a significant environmental challenge. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogels were synthesized via gamma irradiation (30 kGy) and modified with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles to enhance methylene blue (MB) dye removal. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, AFM, SEM, and TGA confirmed the successful incorporation of the nanofillers and their influence on the structural and physicochemical properties of the hydrogels. The addition of TiO₂ and GO significantly improved the gel fraction from 65% (neat hydrogel) to 99% and 98%, respectively. Swelling behavior showed a pH-dependent response, with maximum swelling observed at pH 10 after 24 h, following the order: PVA/PEO/PAAc < PVA/PEO/PAAc/TiO₂ < PVA/PEO/PAAc/GO. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under controlled conditions (pH 10, adsorbent dosage 0.1 g, initial MB concentration 20 mg/L, and contact time 24 h). The removal efficiencies reached 64%, 98%, and ~ 100% for PVA/PEO/PAAc, PVA/PEO/PAAc/TiO₂, and PVA/PEO/PAAc/GO, respectively. Adsorption kinetics were better described by the pseudo-first-order model, indicating that physisorption plays a dominant role in the rate-controlling step. Isotherm analysis showed good agreement with the Langmuir model, suggesting predominantly monolayer adsorption on relatively homogeneous surfaces. Overall, both TiO₂- and GO-reinforced hydrogels exhibited enhanced adsorption performance compared to the neat hydrogel. The superior performance of GO-based hydrogels is attributed to their higher surface area and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups, which facilitate dye-adsorbent interactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of radiation-synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels as efficient materials for dye removal, while further studies are required to evaluate their performance under realistic wastewater conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.