ArticleThe Psychiatric quarterly2026
Psychiatric Disorders, Headache Comorbidity, and Quality of Life in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic.
Article in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relationship between headaches and psychiatric disorders among psychiatric outpatients remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, the prevalence of primary headaches was estimated, and the factors associated with headache occurrence and quality of life (QoL) in this population were examined. A total of 1,014 patients were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), and primary headaches were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Key variables included psychopathology severity and functioning, assessed with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and the modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF) scale; headache impact, measured by the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6); and QoL, assessed using the EUROHIS-QOL-8. The prevalence of primary headache was 60.4%. Tension-type headache (TTH) was the most frequent subtype, followed by migraine and comorbid migraine with TTH. Headache prevalence was lower among patients with psychotic disorders, and no significant differences in headache subtype distribution were observed across psychiatric diagnostic groups. Independent factors associated with headache occurrence included anxiety disorders, mood disorders, higher psychopathology severity, female sex, younger age, lower education, unemployment, and married status. Independent factors associated with QoL included lower functioning, HIT-6 severe headache impact, HIT-6 substantial headache impact, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, younger age, unemployment, ill-health retirement, married status, widowed status, age at headache onset, education, and female sex. The results of this study demonstrate that primary headaches are common among psychiatric outpatients and are associated with significant reductions in QoL. These findings emphasize the need to routinely assess headaches in psychiatric settings, given their clinical impact. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design, absence of a control group, and potential medication-related confounding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42521923What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.