Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42521351›Full record

ArticleBMJ mental health2026

Impact of problematic Khat use on mental health in Ethiopia's Somali Regional State: a population study.

Nasir Warfa, Roxanne C Keynejad, Elyas Abdullahi, Chris Willott, Ramadan Budel, Mahamed A Wali, Abdifetah A Shiek, Selamu Medhin, Mussie Abdosh Hassen, Abdulahi Hussen and 9 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Nasir WarfaInstitute of Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia n.warfa@googlemail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-5849
Roxanne C KeynejadHealth Service and Population Research, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-3526
Elyas AbdullahiResearch and Community Services, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
Chris WillottKing's College London, London, UK.
Ramadan BudelInstitute of Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
Mahamed A WaliKabridahar University, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia.
Abdifetah A ShiekEpidemiology and Biostatistics, Kabridahar University, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia.
Selamu MedhinWHO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mussie Abdosh HassenEthiopia Ministry of Health, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
Abdulahi HussenInstitute of Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
Ahmed M AbdinasirKabridahar University, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia.
Abdikarim Mohamed M AbdiYeditepe Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-7094
Abdilahi E MuminJigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
Mohamud Salaad MohamudImperial College London, London, UK.
Solomon TeferraAddis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mustafa Al'AbsiUniversity of Minnesota Medical School - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Fadumo OsmanDalarna University School of Health and Welfare, Falun, Sweden.
Iain MarshallDepartment of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Charlotte HanlonUniversity of Edinburgh Division of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK.

Funding

(NIHR) National Institute for Health and Social Care Research NIHR134325Wellcome Trust 222154/Z20/ZWellcome Trust 223615/Z/21/ZWellcome Trust 313618/Z/24/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTackling the global burden of mental health conditions and substance misuse is an international priority. In recent years, strategic work has begun to develop mental health services in Ethiopia and strengthen human rights protection for people with mental health conditions. To inform mental health service planning in the Somali region of Ethiopia, the extent of mental health conditions and substance misuse requires quantification.

objectiveWe aimed to investigate associations between problematic

methodWe carried out a quantitative household survey of 844 randomly selected residences in two cities in Ethiopia's SRS: the regional capital, Jigjiga (55.1%, n=465), and third largest city, Kabridahar (44.9%, n=379). We used the culturally validated Problematic Khat Use Screening Test and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess the prevalence and factors associated with mental health conditions and problematic

findingsOut of 844 participants, 18.6% (n=156) met criteria for major depression, 11.1% (n=92) met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 5.7% (n=48) expressed suicidal ideation. The combined prevalence of these mental health conditions was 21.8% (n=186). Men reported more aggregated mental health conditions than women (30.6%, n=97 vs 16.9%, n=89). Adjusted regression analyses showed that people with problematic

conclusionThis study provides the first data regarding population mental health needs and harms associated with problematic CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Associations between problematic

Indexed as

CathaMajor Depressive DisorderStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentAdultEast African PeopleEthiopiaFemaleHumansMaleMental HealthMiddle AgedPrevalenceYoung AdultAmphetamine-Related DisordersCommunity Mental Health ServicesDrug MisuseMental HealthPsychiatry

Identifiers

PMID42521351
PMCPMC13423073

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.