Trial reportJMIR formative research2026
Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution-Based Digital Interventions for Sleep Procrastination in Chinese University Students: Pilot Randomized Study.
Trial report in JMIR formative research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sleep procrastination is a prevalent and detrimental behavior among university students. While digital interventions offer scalable solutions, they often lack a robust theoretical foundation and fail to differentiate themselves from clinical insomnia treatments. Objective: This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary effects of a novel intervention grounded in the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, comparing online delivery with traditional offline delivery and a control group in reducing sleep procrastination. Methods: Forty-six students with high sleep procrastination were allocated to online (n=16), offline (n=16), or control (n=14) groups. The 8-week intervention targeted I-PACE components. Subjective and objective (wearable) measures were collected at baseline, postintervention, and a 2-month follow-up. Results: For subjective sleep procrastination, all groups improved similarly, with no significant group × time interaction. For objective sleep procrastination, a significant group × time interaction emerged (Wald χ²16=28.79, P=.03), with the online group showing numerically earlier sleep onset in later intervention weeks. The online group's mean approached zero at week 7 (-0.05 h) but did not differ significantly from zero (P=.96) and rebounded at week 8. No between-group comparisons survived Bonferroni correction at any single week. Conclusions: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that an app-based, I-PACE-grounded intervention is associated with a differential objective sleep timing trajectory. The specific mechanisms remain to be tested. Subjective improvements were comparable across conditions. Adequately powered trials with formal mediation testing are needed.
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