ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2026
Detection of Pathogens in the Gut Microbiome Prior to Bloodstream Infection in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBloodstream infections (BSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in children with hematological malignancies. The gut may serve as a potential reservoir for BSI-causing bacteria. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to assess the abundance of BSI-causing bacterial strains in the gut microbiota prior to BSI.
methodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study included children (1-18 years) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia or mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fecal samples were collected twice weekly, and additionally whenever a BSI was suspected. Gut microbiota were profiled at species level using the PCR-based assay Molecular Culture.
resultsWe recruited 26 children, of whom 16 experienced a total of 31 BSI episodes. In total, 18 out of 38 BSI pathogens (47.4%) could be detected in fecal samples prior to BSI. In the BSI episodes caused by enteric bacteria, 75% of all causative enteric bacteria could be found prior to BSI. Also, bacteria not typically associated with the gut could be detected prior to BSI in feces (Streptococcus mitis in 100% of cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 29% of cases). Furthermore, in fecal samples collected after BSI onset and start of antibiotic treatment, 58% of the BSI pathogens could be detected.
conclusionsBSI pathogens, both gram-negative and gram-positive, can be detected in the gut microbiome prior to BSI, and an increase in relative abundance is related to BSI. Secondly, BSI pathogens may persist despite BSI-directed intravenous antibiotic therapy, potentially preceding future BSIs.
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