ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Similar intraoperative microbiomes in
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The source of bacteria detected in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) pockets-whether true colonisation or intraoperative contamination-has significant implications for infection prevention strategies. Aim: To compare intraoperative microbial dynamics during Methods: In this prospective study, samples were collected from 18 asymptomatic patients (11 new implants, seven replacements) at three timepoints: skin before incision (T1), pocket after creation (T2), and pocket before closure (T3). Microbiome analysis was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region. α-diversity (Simpson index) and β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) were analysed. Findings: Microbial community composition and relative abundance were similar between groups at all timepoints. Predominant genera included A Conclusion: The absence of distinct microbial signatures in replacement pockets and the prevalence of environmental bacteria strongly suggest that detected microorganisms originate from intraoperative contamination. This underscores the paramount importance of rigorous aseptic technique over surveillance for colonization in preventing CIED infections.
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