Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42518564›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Geospatial disparities in adolescent mental health resources: school- and community-level evidence from Travis County, Texas.

Sharon V Munroe, Jingjing Gao, Gayla Ferguson, Muinat Abolore Idris, Eric C Jones

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sharon V MunroeDepartment of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
Jingjing GaoDepartment of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Gayla FergusonDepartment of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Muinat Abolore IdrisDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Eric C JonesDepartment of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Adolescents in the United States face growing mental health challenges, with nearly one in three high school students reporting poor mental health in the past 30 days. Schools increasingly serve as key access points for mental health care. However, geographic disparities in access to school-based mental health services remain underexplored. Purpose: This study examines the spatial distribution of adolescent mental health resources in Travis County, Texas, and evaluates how school- and community-level factors are associated with the presence of on-site school social workers. Methods: School locations, enrollment data, and the presence of on-site social workers were mapped and analyzed alongside ZIP Code Tabulation Area-level indicators of community vulnerability using ArcGIS Pro. Additionally, data from public high school districts, community mental health clinics, and social determinants of health indicators were incorporated for geospatial analysis through spatial regression modeling in R. Results: Many high schools were located more than two miles from a free or low-cost mental health clinic, especially in the eastern regions of the county. Among 24 Travis County high schools, only 29% had on-site social workers. Spatial regression results showed that schools located in communities with higher poverty, unemployment, and limited English proficiency were significantly less likely to have an on-site social worker ( Conclusion: Geospatial disparities in mental health service access represent an important challenge for high school students in Travis County. Public resources, primarily from local stakeholders, should be directed toward high school students in these communities. School-based social workers and telehealth partnerships help address some of these gaps. The findings emphasize the importance of equity-focused planning to provide accessible, school-centered mental health services.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityMental Health ServicesSchool Mental Health ServicesAdolescentHumansResidence CharacteristicsSchoolsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSpatial AnalysisTexasadolescent mental healthgeospatial analysishealth equityschool-based mental health servicesschool social worksocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID42518564
PMCPMC13381831

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.