ReviewJournal of orthopaedics2026
Chronic posterior shoulder dislocation: Current evidence, treatment options, and a decision-making algorithm.
Review in Journal of orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and aims: Chronic posterior shoulder dislocation (CPSD), also known as locked or chronic posterior glenohumeral dislocation, is a rare but frequently missed injury, accounting for 2-5% of shoulder dislocations. It often results from trauma, seizures, or electrical shock, leading to reverse Hill-Sachs lesion (rHSL), posterior glenoid erosion, and soft-tissue contractures. Delayed diagnosis (50-79% initially overlooked) transforms acute cases into chronic ones (>3-6 weeks), complicating management and increasing risks of instability, osteoarthritis, and poor function. This narrative literature review aims to synthesise current evidence on the aetiology, diagnosis, imaging, treatment strategies, and outcomes of CPSD, and to propose a surgical decision-making algorithm to guide clinicians. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted (up to March 13, 2026). Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles (2006-2026) on adult patients with chronic PSD, focusing on interventions, clinical outcomes (pain, ROM, function, complications), and rehabilitation. Narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Aetiology is predominantly traumatic; pathoanatomy features rHSL (30-90% of cases) and posterior capsulolabral damage. Diagnosis relies on axillary radiographs, CT for bony defects, and MRI for soft tissues. Treatment depends on dislocation duration, rHSL size, glenoid integrity, and patient factors. A stepwise algorithm integrates reducibility, defect size, and associated pathologies. Conclusion: CPSD requires high clinical suspicion and advanced imaging for timely diagnosis. Joint-preserving reconstructions yield superior outcomes in moderate defects with early intervention; arthroplasty is preferred for extensive damage. The proposed algorithm provides structured guidance, though high-level evidence remains limited due to rarity and study heterogeneity. Future multicenter RCTs and standardised classifications are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.