ArticleACS omega2026
Design and Synthesis of Pyridinium-Based Zwitterionic Surfactants for Oilfield Applications: Structure-Performance Comparison of Fluoro- and Hydrocarbon Chains.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The primary characteristics to be considered for potential oilfield application of surfactants are solubility and thermal stability. One significant challenge for surfactants that are currently available in the market is hydrolysis at high temperatures, which is accelerated by continued heating. Herein, six pyridinium-based zwitterionic surfactants were synthesized, including three fluorinated surfactants and three hydrocarbon surfactants. The influence of chain length was studied and a comparative study of fluoro versus hydrocarbon surfactants on salt tolerance, thermal, and surface properties was conducted. All six surfactants exhibited remarkable solubility and stability in water, including deionized water, seawater (SW), and formation water. Furthermore, the surfactant solution remained transparent after being kept at 90 °C for 1 week with no sign of cloudiness or precipitation. However, the F
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