ArticleACS omega2026
Effect of Relative Humidity on the Crack-Bridging Mechanism of CNTs at the CNT/C-S-H Interface.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes-(CNTs) play a crucial role in enhancing the crack resistance of cementitious material, especially for mass concrete structures. However, the crack-bridging effect of CNTs remains unclear under different internal relative humidity (RH) conditions. In the present work, three-point bending experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and theoretical analysis were systematically applied to investigate the crack-bridging effect of CNTs on cement composites. The results indicated that the crack-bridging effect of CNTs was highly dependent on RH and was primarily reflected by their strengthening and toughening contributions. With increasing RH, CNTs reinforced the Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) system primarily by inducing structural compaction of the interlayer regions through water migration and silicate chain rearrangement. In contrast, the toughening effect was progressively suppressed as a continuous water film formed at the CNT/C-S-H interface, lubricating the interfacial interaction and weakening crack-bridging capability during crack propagation. Moreover, the fracture toughness of the CNT/C-S-H system was theoretically evaluated using Irwin formula, which bridged MD simulation results with macroscopic mechanical properties. Overall, this study identified an optimal humidity condition (RH ≈70%) where the strengthening and toughening effects of CNTs operate synergistically. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for the rational design of CNT-reinforced cementitious composites from a nanoscale perspective.
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