Observational studyEuropean journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine2026
Temporal trajectory and predictors of hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke: a 12-month longitudinal clinical-ultrasound study.
Observational study in European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a frequent complication after stroke. Although HSP is considered a multifactorial condition, the temporal sequence through which different mechanisms contribute to pain remains poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of longitudinal studies starting from the acute phase and integrating imaging data.
aimTo describe the 12-month temporal trajectory of hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke and to identify time-specific clinical and ultrasonographic predictors of pain intensity.
designProspective Longitudinal Observational Study.
settingInpatient stroke unit and neurorehabilitation facilities. POPULATION: Patients with first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and contralateral hemiparesis.
methodsPatients were evaluated within 72 hours after stroke onset and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Shoulder pain during passive mobilization was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Clinical evaluation and standardized shoulder ultrasonography were performed at each time point. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses identified independent predictors of pain.
resultsSeventy-seven patients were enrolled. Pain increased from the acute phase to a peak at 3 months and progressively decreased thereafter. Reduced passive range of motion was consistently associated with pain. In the acute phase, pain was associated with glenohumeral subluxation. Adhesive capsulitis emerged at 1 month, while at 3 months pain was associated with subluxation, capsulitis, and tendon tears. In the chronic phase, tendon tears became the main determinant of residual pain.
conclusionsHemiplegic shoulder pain follows a temporally differentiated multifactorial pattern, with distinct mechanisms prevailing at different stages after stroke. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Identifying phase-specific mechanisms of hemiplegic shoulder pain supports targeted, time-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies in neurorehabilitation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.