ArticleInternational journal of transgender health2026
Barriers to gender affirming healthcare for transgender and non-binary people with endometriosis.
Article in International journal of transgender health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and painful gynaecological condition that is known to negatively affect people's quality of life. Much of endometriosis research has focussed on cisgender women with endometriosis, but endometriosis is known to affect transgender and non-binary people. There is limited research on the treatment of endometriosis for transgender and non-binary people. Aim: To explore transgender and non-binary people with endometriosis experience of gender affirming endometriosis treatment. Methods: We conducted a follow-up study with eight transgender and non-binary participants with endometriosis. We collected data through an online semi-structured interview and we used Hermeneutic analysis to analyze the data. We applied Svenaeus' Phenomenology of Medicine as our theoretical framework. Results: We reported our findings under five themes: (1) Gender affirming endometriosis healthcare, (2) Endometriosis hormonal treatments that are not gender affirming, (3) The impact of not being heard by HCPs, (4) Barriers in receiving gender affirming endometriosis healthcare, and (5) Medical appointments and examinations that are not gender affirming. Discussion: Participants experienced a number of barriers in receiving gender affirming endometriosis healthcare perpetuating a sense of unhomelikeness. Barriers included HCPs limited communication, limited research on gender affirming endometriosis healthcare, patients needing to advocate for their own gender affirming healthcare and medical spaces that are not gender inclusive. HCPs have a critical role in supporting their transgender and non-binary patients with endometriosis in managing living with this chronic condition. We recommend that further research, training and awareness is needed that focusses on gender affirming endometriosis healthcare.
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