ArticleChem & bio engineering2026
Zwitterionic Molecule Intercalation in Nanoporous Multilayer Graphene Oxide Membrane for Metal Ion Recovery from Spent Li-Ion Batteries.
Article in Chem & bio engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries has intensified the need for efficient recovery of lithium and transition metals from spent battery materials. Membrane-based ion separation provides a low-energy alternative or can be combined with conventional hydrometallurgical purification routes. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) membranes were engineered through the intercalation of a zwitterionic molecule, 3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio)-propanesulfonate (VIPS), followed by hot-press treatment to produce structurally stabilized VIPS-intercalated GO membranes. Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that VIPS molecules expand the interlayer spacing of GO and introduce positively charged groups, which suppress the permeation of divalent cations. Hot-pressing further generates nanopores and reinforces the layered structure, enabling improved Li ion transport. Concentration-driven permeation tests demonstrated that the GO membrane containing a 1:1 weight ratio of GO to VIPS achieved a lithium-ion permeation rate of 33.2 mmol m
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